Romes Really Bad Emperors Essay - 1264 Words

Tiberius, who served as emperor from 14 to 37 AD, began his rule after the death of his father-in-law, Augustus. Tiberius was a weak ruler, and he understood that ruling Rome was like â€Å"holding a wolf by the ears.† When conflict arose in Europe, Tiberius sent his nephew, Germanicus, to deal with it. Germanicus did his job, and this resulted in Tiberius fearing the newest war-hero. To avoid the issue, Germanicus was appointed governor of the remote eastern provinces by his uncle. After the sudden death of Germanicus, people believed that Tiberius had poisoned him. He denied this, but the accusations never died. When he was in need of advice, Tiberius sought the assistance of Sejanus, a cavalry officer and town cheat. Tiberius sought the†¦show more content†¦Caligula also suffered from a chronic inability to sleep, a common symptom of epilepsy. Rather than being almost equal to his people, he acted godlike. Senators were forced to kiss his feet, and at dinner part ies, he seduced their wives. He restored the treason trials and executed allies and enemies. Sometimes, Caligula’s harsh actions were unexplained. For instance, when he was about to slaughter an animal for sacrifice, he turned and struck a priest nearby, killing him. During this time, Caligula was also spending more money than he had, and soon, the Roman treasury was bare. To get more spending money, he began to blackmail the rich of Rome. Caligula still saw himself as a god, and he ordered a statue of himself be built in the Temple of Jerusalem. Herod Agrippa convinced him otherwise. Finally, in 41 AD, after his return from Gaul, Caligula was murdered by the people he called allies, including members of his protectors. To avoid backlash, his wife and daughter were also killed, and he was succeeded by his uncle, Claudius. Nero, who took the throne after his mother poisoned Claudius, the current emperor, ruled from 54 to 68 AD. At first, Nero was the picture-perfect emperor. H e lowered taxes, allowed more freedom to the Senate, granted permission to slaves who wanted to sue their unfair owners, and rid Rome of capital punishment. Eventually, NeroShow MoreRelatedRome in the 3rd Century AD1216 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Roman Empire was like for people in early and late antiquity, under the republic and early empire and especially in the 2nd century. Without going into too much detail, the Roman Republic and early Roman Empire were dominated by Senators and Emperors that only came from dominating Roman/Italian families. Roman citizenship was a privilege that not everyone was able to enjoy. Rome was expanding its territorial power and beginning to define itself as the central power of the Mediterranean regionRead MoreThe Entertainment System Of Ancient Rome Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesCaesars. Caesar used these gladiators to entertain the middle class of Rome called the â€Å"Plebeians†. 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Not only was Caesar his best friend, but they were family as well. Now theres nothing wrong with being loyal it’s actually quite a formidable trait to have, but not when people are loyal to a bad person or aRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1495 Words   |  6 Pagesspecifically, he focused on the emperor. He discusses that conflict became more common, and as a result, the emperors in power became more focused on ensuring their own survival. This effected their ability to efficiently govern their empire. Goldsworthy argues that this development ultimately made the empire more vulnerable and defenseless. Goldsworthy also focused on the senatorial class and how the changes to this class also changed the dynamic of the position of emperor. Emperor were traditionally chosenRead MoreThe Roman Empire Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesLegend says they were raised by a wolf and ran off to a city they both wanted to rule but they killed each other over their lust for power. Romulus killed Remus and named the city Rome after his victory. Romulus’s story influenced many Romans but, what really happened was Romans were under Etruscan rule for many years as slaves until the Romans rebelled and overthrew their masters. Romans were discouraged by Greece thinking Rome would be easily swept away. Rome was attacked by many barbaric tribes includingRead MoreWhy Is Julius Caesar Significant ?1388 Words   |  6 Pageswas in debt, Caesar was able to help restore the money lost by people. Caesar did this by cancelling all interest payments due at the beginning of 49 BCE. Romans did not have to pay rent for one year. While these actions were not able to eliminate Rome’s debt, Caesar’s solution to the problem helped to get rid of some of debt in a way that satisfied both lenders and borrowers. 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This phase occurred before the Roman civilization had really adopted the Greek ways and so the religious practices of this time consisted of only three gods and these gods were known as the Archaic Triad. The gods of the archaic Triad were Jupiter (Jove) ,Mars and Quirinus. These gods had their Greek counterparts

Employee Training and Career Development Paper free essay sample

To clarify understanding of these, the following will be described in detail: training and development by definition and how they fit into most organizations; the various methods used to train and promote career development; the direct correlation to organizational growth and success from training and development; the clearly defined role of Human Resource Management (HRM) in career development; and, finally, employees looking toward the future and what they may want and should look for in their career development. As aforementioned, the first step is in understanding training and how it fits into organizations. Development and Training Training and development are paramount for the success of any organization. A company that does not grow is a company that cannot succeed. To grow, organizations must keep current on the latest technologies and practices. The online business dictionary defines development and training as, â€Å"the official and ongoing educational activities within an organization designed to enhancement the fulfillment and performance of employees† (The Business Dictionary, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Training and Career Development Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By this definition, providing employees with continued educational activities. This is how a company can keep employees current and with the most up to date practices. These continued educational activities come in a variety of training methods. Training Methods There are many different forms of training methods available to organizations. These methods include but are not limited to: job rotation, assistant-to positions, committee assignment, lecture courses and seminars, simulations, and outdoor training (DeCenzo amp; Robbins, 2007). Below s a brief description of each of these different methods of training: Job Rotation A common training method for large companies is Job Rotation. This method moves individuals around different departments giving the opportunity to learn from and gain exposure to all the different departments. Assistant-To Positions Qualified employees may get the opportunity to work for and with specialized managers or other corporate heads to learn from these individuals. Committee Assignment This method allows for employees to share in the decision making process. This allows for their voice to be hear, learn from others, and begin making managerial team decisions. Lecture Courses and Seminars This method uses the more standard approach to learning. This requires employees to go to classes and learn from speakers and may or may not require actual course work. Simulations Simulation is a method of training that works especially well for individuals who need to make decisions in stressful situations or who operate equipment and cannot rely on their first experience by a live situation. Outdoor Training Often this method looks like a retreat or survival experience. It teaches individuals how to trust their decisions, be an individual as well as team member, and perseverance (DeCenzo amp; Robbins, 2007). Though these are only short descriptions, they illustrate the variety of training methods that are available to an organization. Should an organization use one or a combination of these methods, they can work towards operational growth and success. Growth and Training The continued learning and growth of employees is vital to any companies overall success. Many companies cut training as an expense when times get tough or when they feel they need to maximize productivity and profit, when this is in fact they very time they need to invest heavily into training (Sommers, 2010). According to the Department of Labor, the average company only trains an employee 40-50 hours, 5-6. 5 days, per year, and much of that is on the job mentoring, not formal class work (BLS, 2005). According to the SAP, an information technology application giant, they averaged over 11. training days per employee per year or about 92 hours (SAP, 2012). Though this seems high for many companies, it only averages out to 4. 5% of a workers time at a job place every year. But by doubling the normal training they have been able to grow and succeed where other large IT groups are starting to fail. One can only image what it could be like if the dedicated two or three full week of training per year. If a company trains employees year after year consistently, they begin working on career development. Career Development and HRM Careers are a very personalized for they are the culmination of all the occupational actions taken, progresses made, jobs held, and title earned over a long period of time rather than a snapshot in time (Business Dictionary, 2012). From this understanding, a single person can span their entire career at one place climbing the ranks and making accomplishments or that same person can do the same but working through multiple companies. With the ladder in mind, it truly is up to the individual to develop their career. Human Resource Management is not required to help in career development. HRM is only responsible for assistance and information to the employee like trainings and policies. Even though HRM is not responsible for careers, it is still very important to them as it ensures needed talent availability, attracts and retains employees, ensures growth development for minorities, reduces employee frustrations, adds diversity, provides quality, and promotes organizational goodwill (DeCenzo amp; Robbins, 2007). This knowledge can help any employee in both current and future endeavors. As an employee grows and looks forward a few years, they need to leverage every opportunity their current HR offers. Career Reflections As employees look to the future they must look at it from their past and present opportunities. In five years, someone who is a Sr. Systems Analyst, may be looking at how to get to management or higher paying job. To do that, they must ask the questions: how can the current company be leveraged for career development and will they be sufficient for all needs? To answer, the employee needs to look at the organization. Does it have the proper management training? Will there be opportunities to gain promotion? Does the company promote frequently? For the Sr. Systems Analyst, the answer is yes, on all accounts. Instead of bringing in high-priced talent the company would rather promote from within. They believe in and continuously invest in their employees futures by offering in house training, offering budget for out of company trainings and course, and offer tuition reimbursement for college level course should they want to take them. Outside of these benefits, they also offer a reward program to entice employees to go above and beyond their recommended trainings for the year. This would seem to fill the needs of any potential employee who would like to be on a career driven path. Conclusion As shown, employee development and training are critical to a company’s success and growth. HRM is vital in organizing deployment and training opportunities for employees but is not responsible for individuals’ careers. Career development is critical to an individual and takes time to build.

Video Vixens free essay sample

The authors views of music videos and the hip hop commitment is sexist. She makes points on hose hip-hop in general degrades woman and demoralizes them in a derogatory way. I would like to touch base on the same subject matter but shed light In a different point of view. What the author lacked Is a first hand pollen of woman who actually do this for a living, and try to understand where they are coming from?. From my point of view music motivates people everyday in deferent ways.When I sites to the different music and watch music video produced by different artists; It gets me excited to see how these videos show a variety of lifestyles. Most of the time these rappers come from broken homes and really dont know right from wrong. As these new upcoming artist get older and find there calling they are heavily influenced by other rappers and there environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Video Vixens or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I feel you can only write music from a first hand bases and what you know Is what you write.McMullen states Unless women agree to compromise their truth and self-respect, and unity with other women and instead play dutiful daughter to the phallus the represents hip-hop culture. They will be targeted , slandered, or ignored (215). Nowadays these women that are what we call Video Vixens are actually using this as a career path and in professional means. They choose to take this route to fame because they see it as artistic. And are getting paid to move up in life bringing their families who once lived in poverty with them to this new lavish life style.These woman dont worry about bills, they drive nice cars, and most Importantly provide for their families. Most of these Video Vixens are considered models and what they do in music videos is artistic and tasteful. Now to the authors hip-hop music videos are degrading to women but its her opinion. McMullen states, Unlike men, women in hip-hop dont speak in a collective voice In defense of themselves. The pressure of women to be hyper-feminine and hyper sexual for the pleasure of men, and the constant threat to being called a pitch, a ho- or worse, a Dyke (215).Also we have take into consideration this article was written more then 7 years ago and so much has changed in the industry including respect for women. Which have put as much work as the men in the music industry. I feel music videos and the hip-hop culture has come a long way from where It started. These people that represent the hip-hop community are artist and are making music the only way they know how. These artists have a huge support system especially from there fan base which sometimes consist of millions of people.When these artist popularity explodes they are immediately signed by a record label. Because they will make these companies OFF and takes hard work and dedication. Most people see these artist partying but in-fact hey are working twice as hard to keep making music to stay on top. They are also promoting themselves and actually trying to get there music out there for people to hear. I am sure that they have a fear of losing it all so they try to enjoy the fame as much as possible.I wouldnt blame the music business for women looking as though they are being degraded ,women are also at fault for putting themselves in that position. What I mean by this is, one woman ruins it for the rest of them because she does in appropriate things to get to the top while others are extremely professional. Most of these woman fall short and put themselves down by engaging in behaviors that would degrade them to get monetary benefits and fame. If women came together and really put a stop to it they would!.McMullen states, If the terms for winning are the objectification of black women and girls, I wonder if any females were at the table when the deal went down. Did we agree to be euthanized, vilified , made invisible? (216). Remember we are talking about grown woman that have the mental capacity to think for themselves and have a choice. The truth is these women perform in these ideas because they want to express themselves artistically in a way the general public wouldnt understand. What I feel the author lacks experience because she did not grow up in their environment.So many poor people who are artistically talented make music and gain popularity. They dont have to do the things they once did to provide for their families as selling drugs, gambling or even participating in gang affiliations. This environment of drugs and gangs is a vicious cycle that has been implemented in there brains; since as far as they can remember. The music industry is there only way out because some never graduate high school or even go to college. And have no means of one day obtaining fame any other way.The truth is most of rappers video vixens in this day in age are highly intelligent. McMullen states But female hip-hop artist remain marginalia within the industry and culture except when they are trotted out to defend hip-hop against feminist criticism. But the truth is, all kinds of patriarchal institutions, organizations, and movements have women in their ranks in search of power and meaning. The token presence of individual women changes nothing if women as a group are still scapegoat and degraded (215).Because of people like McMullen artist and women arent respected for there artist views and expressions. And I feel it is sad that the general population put them down and challenges their intellectual capacities. If most rappers are ignorant as they say then why isnt everyone rich or famous?. We can even go into the people producing this hip-hop music its extremely hard to make music that appeals to everyone. All the obstacles that these men and omen go through to make it in the industry while getting put down all the time should be respected.I feel that people truly dont understand them and always Judge without knowing where they came from and what they been through. I would like to conclude this in a way people will understand where these real artists fame especially in highly competitive environment such as a music industry which is consenting changing and adapting. I feel maybe the author should get first hand experience from the women that put themselves out there and ask why they are doing what they are doing.

The eNotes Blog The Next Generation Digital Book A Whole New Way toRead

The Next Generation Digital Book A Whole New Way toRead As a bit of a purist on the book front, its been a rocky road to accept anything not printed on paper and bound by a soft cover. When e-readers first became popular, I was there, standing on the proverbial soapbox, lamenting to disinterested friends the decline of bookshelves, the end of book publishing. I overreacted, of course, but it was too tempting not to indulge in the melodramatic idea that books would go the way of LPs, that I was one of the select guardians of the old school. In reality, I was a bit of a snob. In the end, it was the convenience of an e-reader that got me. Safety came in at a close second (I was almost crushed one night reading Ken Follets World Without Enda 1024 page death trap in hardback), but mainly the sheer usefulness of a Kindle wore me down. Yet I still never looked at e-books as anything more than a lighter load for my daily commute. The equivalent of an audio book on a long car ridethey just dont add anything to the reading experience for me. Nothing compares to the weightiness of a good, solid book in your hands (even if it does threaten to collapse a lung). But then, when I wasnt paying attention, e-books began to change. With the advent of smart phones and tablets, the landscape of digital books has changed, becoming ever more creative. The next generation of digital books doesnt seek to just transfer words from page to screen, but rather to supplement the experience of reading a book in ways unique to its interface. Take artist Raghava KKs childrens book POP-IT  for example. The book was not so much written as it was specifically designed for an iPad. Raghavas motive to create the book was the same as that of many childrens fiction writers; he set out to teach children a lesson, specifically empathy, through a story: How could he teach young children the benefits of multiple perspectives with clear immediacy? Raghava concluded that peoples minds and childrens literature needed a shake-up. Literally. He explains the iBooks unique feature: If you notice carefully, its a homosexual couple bringing up a child. Dont like it? Shake it, and you have a lesbian couple†¦ Only when you teach perspectives will a child be able to imagine and put themselves in the shoes of someone else who is different from them†¦ I cant promise my child a life without biaswere all biasedbut I promise to bias my child with multiple perspectives. While the lesson may be nothing new to the realm of childrens literature, its delivery certainly is. And so it begs the question: to what extent will this change the way we experience literature? Are interactive iBooks and e-books simply a flashier, though essentially superfluous format, like pop-up books? Or does the capacity to integrate multiple medias vastly affect the way we internalize a story? In some cases, it will: I suppose our feelings towards interactive books then depend on each ones purpose. Textbooks and childrens books most readers would forgive outright, or, more likely, rejoice in. Imagine the capacity to assist students with learning disabilities, for instance. I personally could get behind a poetry collection that includes recordings of the poets themselves, or a version of The Canterbury Tales that contains audio of the original Middle English speechwhat great teaching tools! Last year Al Gore teamed up with a group of software developers to release Our Choice, a digital sequel to An Inconvenient Truth. For a non-scientific brain like mine, the embedded videos certainly clarify the content. Do we really need to be able to make a windmill move by blowing onto an iPad screen? Not really, but it is fun, and in the end youve learned something. In such cases, the ability to switch from text to video doesnt detract from the content on the page. In fact, it betters it. What happens, though, when the first really big multimedia novel is released? Or worse, when a classic gets a movie studio makeover, clips from the latest adaptation imported between the pages? What happens when the source of entertainment is no longer the joy of reading itself? We may have to learn a whole new way to read. This is where my excitement really turns to apprehensiveness. While I welcome the idea of a digitized book offering something more than sheer convenience, Im not altogether certain Ill like the outcome every time. Educational books? Great. Novels? I just dont know.  True, a more experimental author like Safran Foer could probably do something truly exciting with this media. Im willing to hold my breath. And though I may still indulge from time to time in the apocalyptic fantasy that books will one day cease to be as we now know them, I think we can all be certain that the joy of reading good stories will never go away, no matter what form they someday take. Whats your take on digitally interactive books? Feel free to sound off below.

Dell, Inc Recalls Laptop Batteries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dell, Inc Recalls Laptop Batteries - Essay Example From its establishment, Dell gains worldwide recognition of being one of the most successful information technology companies. The company holds a large market share in all their product lines. Last August, Dell recalls its lithium-ion batteries powering its laptops after pictures of its laptop exploding in a conference in Japan floods the internet. It should be noted that recall involves 4.1 laptop batteries and is the largest made in the consumer electronics industry. The recalled batteries include 2.1 million lithium-ion batteries installed in laptops sold in the United States and another 1.4 million sold overseas from April 2004 to July 2006. Dell does this in order to ward off potential fire hazards which can cause more damage to the customers and the company's brand image (Blakely 1-6). Currently, the cause of the explosion remains unknown. Experts are expressing their concerns over the new battery technologies which make gadgets susceptible to "thermal runaway." Thermal runaway refers to a condition where a faulty battery hits a certain level of temperature and continues to heat up by itself until it finally explodes.

New Technology in the Medical Field Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

New Technology in the Medical Field - Essay Example many healthcare organizations have come up with privacy and security policies that govern the access, use and exposure of organization’s information in order to minimize such risks. An analysis of the privacy and security policies of three recognized healthcare organizations namely Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Mayo Foundation and Georgetown University Medical Centers reveals some themes that are among them. For all the three healthcare organisations unauthorised access of the organisation’s information is not allowed. This could be those that are stored in computers or those produced as hard copies. In relation to this, there is no unauthorised alteration, revision, transmission or modification of the organisations information or other information within the organisation’s system (Georgetown University Medical Centers, 2007, Mayo Foundation, 2002 and BIDMC Technology Resources Policy, 2007). For all confidential information or programs installed in the organisation’s computers, the staff must get authority from the organisations information officer or office in order to access, delete or modify them. All information deemed to be confidential is protected from external access and their release or exposure constitutes a breach of the security and privacy policies. All staff are not allowed to use the organisations IT for activities that are not related to the organisation’s business activities so as to limit the availability of the network resources to other people. Remote access to organisation’s information is not allowed except for selected workstations or persons authorised by the chief information officer. There are some security and privacy policies that differ significantly between the three healthcare organizations. An example are policies relating to personal privacy when using the organization’s computer information or technology resources. In Mayo Foundation, no one has the permission to access a computer using another

The Flesh and the Spirit Essay Example for Free

The Flesh and the Spirit Essay Anne Bradstreet’s poem â€Å"The Flesh and the Spirit† shows us the duality of man that her audience was having to deal with at the spiritual level. While this poem was written back in 1643 it still shows us as Christians what we have come from and how easy it would be to go back to a life of the â€Å"flesh†. This poem also goes about giving us details about what we should be striving for and what we have to look forward to if we strive toward the real or ultimate goals or rather possessions. The poem is written in two different parts starting with the ways and things of the flesh, that being material possessions that are for our enjoyment here on earth. The second part consists of more spiritual based â€Å"possessions† and also chastises the sister living among the earthly treasures she has laid up for herself. The poem is written in iambic tetrameter meaning that each line has a total of eight syllables. Bradstreet writes this poem full of metaphors and is very illustrative with the language that she wrote it in. Bradstreet was a Puritan and this poem is filled with religious symbolism and references that would be apparent to her readers. At the start of the poem the first sister is called â€Å"Flesh† and while this sister is very materialistic she wants her sister to enjoy some of the pleasures that she enjoys. The part of Flesh is from lines 10-37 to which she is going on about the wonders that this world has to offer. Lines like â€Å"Hast treasures there laid up in store† (16) and â€Å"Art fancy sick, or turn a sot† (18) show us that Flesh is interested in things such as the treasures and art this world has to offer. Flesh tells us that there is more gold, silver and pearls than anyone can imagine here on earth and she basically is insisting that her sister take up some of the riches that are around. The way that Flesh talks to her sister is similar to the way that Satan talked to Jesus in the wilderness. Flesh is telling Spirit all the wonderful things of this earth and tells her sister that she will be happy if she acquires some of these indulgences. This was also the case when Satan showed Jesus all the things of earth that he could have if Jesus would worship him. There are even some apparent sins that Flesh tries to temp Spirit with such as in line â€Å"And trophies to thy name erect† (27).This line in the poem is basically the temptation to worship idols. This notion is backed up by the previous line â€Å"As some of their immortal fame† (26) suggests that people are worshiping these trophies. Flesh’s final statement â€Å"For things unknown, only in mind† is almost a taunt to her sister because she knows what her sister has or is working towards is for her heavenly life. That line basically tells Spirit that she has nothing to show for her life and what she claims to have is all imaginary. This is something that Jesus was faced with throughout his time here on earth from the time that he was in the desert to the cross Jesus had to have faith in what he was doing was going to get Him and us a heavenly life with nothing to show for it here on earth. The second part of this poem is what Spirit has to say to her sister about the things she was told to get and what she has been working for all her life. Much like Jesus in the wilderness telling Satan to get away from him, Spirit tells flesh to leave her alone and not tempt her with these worldly things, â€Å"Disturb no more my settled heart† (38). In lines 55-65 Spirit is telling Flesh that the things that Flesh finds appealing are things that Spirit hates. Spirit is not tempted with riches or honors. She is not looking for pleasure in people worshiping her or even the gold, silver and pearls. In fact, Spirits says â€Å"My crown not diamonds, pearls, and gold/ But such as angels’ heads infold† (ll.83-84). Spirit continues rebuking Flesh about how vanity is not what is to be sought after. Spirit may not have silk garments here on earth but in heaven she will have royal robes â€Å"More glorious than the glist’ring sun† (82). Spirit tells us the difference between the places in which she and her sister are trying to accumulate their possessions for and tells us the importance of choosing the correct destination. â€Å"The city where I hope to dwell† (85) is talking about Spirits desire to live in God’s holy city and that this city, â€Å"There’s none on earth can parallel† (86), is absolutely better that the best places here on earth. Lines 87-104 is the description of the city and how the most precious gems and metals that we have here on earth are the basic building blocks for the city and its landscape. It continues telling us that there is no night and day which alludes to time no longer being a factor. Spirit also describes there being no sickness and with that no more death. This part ends with â€Å"But beauty shall be bright and clear† (104) which goes back to what Flesh trying to get Spirit to get nicer cloths and jewelry so that people would see her as attracti ve. Although Spirit and Flesh are sisters, they are very different in every aspect of life and are basic mirrors of each other showing the duality that man has with God. In lines 40-54 Spirit is describing her relationship with her sister. While they are sisters Spirit considers Flesh to be her enemy which she is constantly fighting. She continues to say that even though they are twins they don’t have the same father (figuratively). Flesh is born from old Adam, which implies that she is worldly and is looking for the things to make her time here on earth more pleasant, such as Adam did when he disobeyed God to be with Eve. Spirit says that her Father is above, giving reference that God is her father and that is why she will stay away from the things of Flesh so that she will be able to be with her Father. This poem does end on a solemn note, while Spirit has just described this amazing place where she is going to be with her Father she tells Flesh that she is not going to be there because nothing that makes Flesh happy will be there. This is a reflection of how the Puritans and even many Christians that being of this world will end up costing you the chance to see the city referenced in the poem. The poem â€Å"The Flesh and the Spirit† is indeed a poem that describes the human condition of materialism and how it can consume and impact not only the mortal lives but also the eternal lives of the human race. Humanity must decide whether or not the city that is described in the poem is worth the sacrifice of material possessions in order to gain spiritual wealth. It must decide if it want to be in a place unaffected by time, death, and disease or if it simply wants to cover up its impurities with a faà §ade that will only last a short while.