Unfair dismissal law in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Unfair dismissal law in the UK - Essay Example It is the somewhat a term that workers would like their contracts to have, but cannot claim, since it is a buyer’s market for labour, and workers tend to view the exploration for work as a contest with other potential human resources. This essay provides insights on the unfair dismissal law in the United Kingdom. Similarly, it would be inept, for a prospective worker to make inquiries at an interview when seeking employment about the degree of misbehaviour the company can tolerate before the worker is discharged. The inequity of bargaining command is an attribute of the majority of jobs contract. There exists a body that deals with grievances that arise between employers and the employees called the Employment Tribunal (ET).Latreille, Latreille and Knight (2005, pg. 325) affirms that the ET is an autonomous judicial organisation founded to determine disagreements between a company and workers regarding employment civil liberties. The ET hears allegations concerning employment issues such as unfair dismissal, unfairness, wages and redundancy costs. A number of rationalisations for the law are usually presented to intercede the unfair dismissal law in the management’s capacity to manage its dealings such as rectifying the inequity in bargaining command between the company and workers; shielding possessions right that workers boast, or should boast, in their occupations, defending the decorum and independence of the workers. The paramount clarification is perhaps provided by Hugh Collins when he asserts that the aim of unfair dismissal law is inclined at presenting some level of security to the decorum and independence of workers in the perspective of the job contracts and probable release (Collins, Ewing and McColgan, 2012, pg. 48). The fortification of these values is not indefinite; whereby in various instances the fiscal effectiveness and administrative prudence get priority,

The contrasting place Essay Example for Free

The contrasting place Essay How does Barry Hines create sympathy for Billy Casper in A Kestrel for a knave? Kes is a novel written by Barry Hines set in Sheffield, south Yorkshire, in the 1960s. The story describes two different places that really contrast each other. The first place is where Billy lives all the houses are council houses, the whole area is run down and deprived of luxuries such as central heating. The contrasting place is called Firs Hill where all the houses are big, clean and very posh with lots of luxuries like hot running water. I suppose we already feel sorry for Billy because of the disadvantaged area he lives in. Kes raises a lot of 1960s issues for example, Billy has no father, his mother goes out most nights and always returns home with a new man, making us feel sorry for Billy as hes no one to look up to. Another issue is that of the education system which lets Billy down badly. He attends a boys secondary modern where he suffers draconian punishment such as thrashes from a cane or lashes from a belt. Billy will have to leave school when he is 15; his only choice of employment will be to work down the mine (pit) with his brother Jud whos a bully. Billy hates the thought of having to work down the mine, which creates sympathy as hes forced into a no hope situation. The first incident I have chosen is Sugden P. E lesson (pg. 87-108) I have chosen this because when you compare Billy to a bully like Sugden, it shows how pitiful Billy really is. In this part of the novel Hines has managed to create sympathy for Billy by showing how weak and vulnerable Billys character is. Billy has to tell Sugden hes forgotten his P. E kit and Sugden makes him wear a pair of shorts which are massive, the class roars with laughter and even Billy has to smile. The only person not amused was Sugden. This part emphasises on the hard strict character Sugden is and makes Billy look like a complete wimp. The class then goes onto the field and football teams are picked. Billy is last to be selected which shows he has no friends. You feel sorry because hes the loner of the class, not only does he get picked last, but he is made to go in goal, this appears to be a regular thing as Billy states Im fed up o goin in goal. I go in every week. In this same incident a dog wonders on to the pitch. Sugden, bringing out his bulling character, resorts to violence and tells the boys Go and fetch half a dozen cricket bats from the games store, Billy sticks up for the dog saying Itll not hurt you. And manages to lead the animal off the field without getting hurt. This shows a caring side to Billy and how he relates to animals. The end of lesson bell sounds but the match carries on. Time is being expressed in this part of the story maybe to show how slowly it is passing and to create tension as to whos going to win the game. Eventually its all over and the boys race inside to the showers. Sugden watches Billy as he changes and blocks off his exit because he didnt have a shower. Billy denies not having one and comes up with the excuse of having a cold but cant produce a sealed letter from a legal guardian to prove it. At this point in the novel you can feel the unnecessary humiliation Sugden inflicts upon Billy as he sends him into the showers not once but twice and orders three other boys to help. This part emphasises on just what a bully Sugden is and creates sympathy as Billy suffers Sugdens taunting. The film version of this incident is slightly different; it starts off with a distance shot of Sugden outside doing an over exaggerated warm-up. Circus fair music is being played which makes his warm-up seem very funny. As the camera gets closer you can see that Sugden is full of his own self importance as he comes over as being real big headed. The next shot cuts to the changing room showing an over the shoulder shot of Sugden having a go at Billy for forgetting his kit. This shot gives the impression of Sugden towering over Billy and shows how small and scrawny Billy is compared to a bully like Sugden. (The size difference does not come over in the book. ) There is also a low angle shot of the boys looking in at Sugden and Billy, which creates the impression of them crowding round to watch. This shot creates sympathy for Billy as it shows the whole class watching as Sugden tares strips of him. The shot then cuts to the outside scene where all the boys are lining up ready to be picked. It projects Billy as an isolated, pathetic figure as hes left standing alone, waiting for his name to be called. The book tells us that Billy is picked last and this shot directs attention towards him looking alone and segregated. The football scene is cut short in the film, I think this is to keep the story flowing as it seems to drag on a bit in the book. However the film missed out the dog scene, which portrayed Billys understanding of animals and how he treats them different to adults. Throughout the football scene the camera is mostly focused on Sugden. It shows in sequence Sugden taking the penalty twice and sending a boy off for a foul he made himself, then hes seen hitting two boys for not participating in the game properly. These shots are all designed to show him as a bully. The close ups show his facial expressions as being stern and strict. This emphasised his bulling character whereas the book can only reveal his character by how he talks and acts. Both make you dislike him. The final scene opens with a shot of Sugden stopping Billy for not having a shower, while Billy gets undressed Sugden starts laughing with the other boys, creating pity for Billy as everyone seems to pick on him. The shot cuts to a close up of Sugden turning the shower temperature dial form hot to cold, as in the book. This is an important scene because it shows just how far Sugden will go with his self ego and the fact that no-one bothers sticks up for Billy shows how lonely he is. The shots of Billy in the showers alone are mid shots and close ups. The close-ups show details like goose pimples and actually start to make you feel cold. The shot of him by himself make him look isolated and lonely again creating pity. This part of the story comes across a lot better in the film than in the book.

Inherit the wind (Scopes trial) Essay -- essays research papers

The play Inherit the Wind, was written by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee to inform its readers about the injustice of a law that limited the freedom of an ordinary citizen. This play is based upon actual events that happened to an individual, John Scopes, in Dayton, Tennessee during the 1920’s. This famous â€Å"Monkey Trial† not only allowed people to begin to accept new theories about the origin of man, but also showed that they did not have to limit themselves in other areas of life. In the beginning of the play, the authors try to lead us into the topic of Darwinism versus Creationism. One instance was when the character Howard actually told Melinda â€Å"Your old man’s a monkey!†(5) The audience also learns that the accused lawbreaker, Bert Cates, and the reverend’s daughter, Rachel Brown, are in love and are set to be married. Rachel becomes a pertinent part of the trial when Brady starts to question her, against the will of Bert. The theme of Inherit the Wind is, "don't be afraid of new ideas, and you have to let people make up their own minds about things." That theme fits the story really well, because that is the exact opposite of what the people of Hillsboro did, and look what happened there. One man spoke his mind, and a trial that made history was held. No one should be afraid to speak their mind, and people should not automatically reject a new idea because it is not what they are used to. The characters in Inherit the Wind heard Bert Cates's idea, didn't l...

Importance of Gender in Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

Antigone - Importance of gender in the opening scene In looking at the first few exchanges between Ismene and Antigone by Sophocles, it is greatly apparent that there are plenty of social issues surrounding women from ancient Greece. In looking at the contextual background of the playwright, the representation of the women within the play and at the imagined response of a contemporary and ancient audience; we can see that this play raises many gender and socially related issues. Looking briefly at the contextual element to the play in terms of the playwright, it is worth considering that Sophocles himself was a political writer. He was elected by lot to become one of nine generals to command during an ancient skirmish. This took place the same year he wrote the play 'Antigone'. His fame for writing this play propelled him into fame among his peers and fellow citizens. Even within the play itself we can see that there is a political effort. This comes directly from the protagonist King Creon. He wants to rule fairly but firmly. His power as, not only a King, but as a human being come into focus to an audience as he must decided whether or not to go against his heart by killing his niece for disobeying a law he laid down. This is also a law he could quite simply change, but he doesn't. This would directly give any audience the notion that the ideal ruler is someone who can put the matters of their heart to one side and put the greater good of the people first. When we meet the characters in the first scene, it is important to note what they actually say about each other and their knowledge of their own social status. When we meet Antigone, she is the first character to speak. The audience later learns that she is the antagonist of the play as she rebels against the protagonist, Creon. It is also worth noting that there is a similarity between the name of the heroine Antigone and the term antagonist. This gives the audience, especially of ancient Greece the feeling that Antigone has been fated to be the antagonist and to die for it in a tragic manner. Her sister Ismene who is the second character the audience will meet initially describes Antigone. "You seem so dark and grim" (25) says Ismene of her sister.

Cases analysis

The company is known for producing high quality and prestigious cars. It holds patents on most of the safety features Weaknesses High costs are incurred in maintaining the company's cars Weak management because of its large organizational size It has a weak supply chain, which affects its product delivery Opportunities There an opportunity on production of hybrid cars and fuel that Is resourceful for the future.People are growing conscious of clean environment, which Is a good opportunity for the company to extend the market for its products on this line There is an opportunity of tapping emerging markets across India and the rest of the roll, contributing to creation off global brand The luxury automobile market is growing as a result of income increase.Threats The price of fuel keep on increasing, which limits the ability of potential customers to buy its products There is high competition from major companies such as Lexus, BMW, and Range Rover, as well as local companies such as DATA Strict government polices wealth the automobile segment not only In India, but also across the world Step 2. Problem Definition Following the relocation of the company's operation sites, it Is faced with the problem n the nature of information technology that could be implemented.Particularly, there is a challenge on implementing the technology that would cater for the current needs based on the existing market conditions, as well as that could lay essential grounds for the company's future growth needs. Besides, following the impact of the recent past global financial crisis which affected the company's market growth projections, It Is not clear whether the proposed relocation should go ahead as planned. Step 3. Identification of Alternatives . The company should implement new information technology in the new operational site, different from the one used in the old site 2.It should use the same old technology in the new operational site 3. It should put on hold the proposed r elocation until the market shows improvements after the financial crisis 4. It should go on with the relocation plans, even though the projected market growth rate has been affected by the financial crisis Step 4. Critical issues Growth rate of the company Managing operational costs The viability of the investments of the company Addressing the needs of the customers Location decisions Step 5.Analysis Option 1 Pros: (I) the operational costs will be reduced in the long-run (it) high production rate (iii) ability to meet the demands of the customers (v) high growth rate (v) better chances of going green Cons: (I) high investment cost Re-training employees on the new technology Option 2 Pros: (I) manageable investment costs Re-training employees is not required. Cons: (I) High operational costs inability to satisfy customer demands (iii) endurance on the company's growth rate.Option 3 Pros: (I) reduced chances of making potential losses (it) matching production with the current demand Cons: (I) inability to satisfy customer demand in the future (ii) delayed investment Option 4: Pros: (I) better chances of matching demand in the future (it) early investment preparation for the expected market growth Cons: (I) Incurring unnecessary investment costs, this could have been carried forward Step 6. Recommendation Based on the above analysis, the company should go on with the proposed relocation f operational site, and implementation of new technology.Despite the high investment costs associated with these options, it is a viable undertaking because it not only addresses the current needs of the company, but also its future needs. Besides, this option opens various opportunities that the company could pursue to differentiate itself from its competitors. For instance, with the proposed new technology, the company stands a better chance of producing green products to suit the changing tastes and preferences of the customers.

Visual Impairment Essays - RTT, Vision, Ophthalmology, Visual System

Visual Impairment Essays - RTT, Vision, Ophthalmology, Visual System Visual Impairment Vision Impairments People catergorized as visually impaired range from individuals with mild visual losses to those with low vision to those who are totally blind (Winzer,370). Vision impairments does not necessarily mean a total loss of sight. Some visually impaired person can detect light, others can see shapes and forms, and others can see nothing at all. Generally, many different problems that interfere the retina to form image or the transmission of retinal images to the brain can cause blindness or vision impairment. It can be heredity or caused by disease or damage after birth. In some cases a specific reason cannot be determined. There are four major types of vision impairments. The first type are refractive errors. It is cause by the change of shape or size of the eyeball, conera or the lens. Myopia (short-sighted) and hyperopia (long-sighted) are two common examples. People with myopia or hyperopia cannot focus image accurately on the retina. Another example is astigmatism, it is caused by the abnormal curve shape of the cornera or the lens. And it can cause distorted or blurred vision. The second type are ocular motor problems. It is caused by irregular movement of the ocular muscles that control the movement of the eyeballs. It leads to the inability for the eyes to control focusing objects. Strasbismus is an example. This condition effects about 2 percent (2 out of 100) of all young children. Strabismus is a lack of coordinated muscle movement or focusing ability between the eyes, causing the eyes to point in different directions. One or both eyes may turn inward (crossed eyes) or outward (walleye). The eyes, the brain area that controls vision, and the muscles attached to the eyeball are involved. It result in the child that looks in certain directions, double vision (sometimes), vision in one eye only, with loss of depth perception. Strabismus can affect both sexes, all ages, but it usually begins during early childhood, frequently before age 5. If not corrected through therapy or surgery, crossed eyes can result in permanent loss of vision. The third type are eye diseases, it is caused by damage or disease before or after birth to one or more structure of the eye (Winzer, 374). One off the most common causes of blindness is cataracts. Cataracts are a clouding of the lens of the eye that keeps light from reaching retina. Resulting in badly blurred vision, double vision, sensitivity to bright lights and change in color vision. One eye is often more seriously affected than the other. It may be cause by chemical change in the lens. The exact cause is still unknown, but there are many factors that can accelerate cataract formation.These include an injury, either from a blow to the head or direct eye injury, other diseases exposure to radiation of any kind (x-rays, microwaves, or infrared rays) long-term use of a corticosteroid drug. A child may be born with cataracts or develop them at an early age. These cataracts, called congenital cataracts, may be caused by a genetic disorder such as down syndrome or from a condition the mother had during pregnancy such as German measles. The fourth type are other defects such as color blindness, photophobia or albinism. Color blindness is a inherited vision disorder which is often found in male rather than in female. Persons who have color blindness do not have one of the three cone cells which are responsible for receiving either blue, green and red. Therefore, people with color blindness are likely to confuse with red and green. But the condition is not serious enough to connect with visual impairments. Albinism is a hereditary disease. It must be pass thorugh from both parents, each of whom either has albinism or is a carrier of that trait. Albinism affects the production of melanin(Winzer,379). A lack of melanin in the retina, iris and choroid will cause the pupil to become in deep red color, the iris will become in grey, light blue or pink. A person with albinism will also suffer from photophobia, which is the extreme sensitivity to light. Bright light may decreases the person's visual acuity and may blinds the persons with albinism.

Multicultural Education Scenario Essays

Multicultural Education Scenario Essays Multicultural Education Scenario Essay Multicultural Education Scenario Essay 1. What does multiculturalism mean; it is acceptance or promotion of multiple ethnic cultures, applied to the demographic make-up of a specific place. (en. wikipedia. org). How I would incorporate activities that would support a multicultural class room, well for one I would take a map of the world and pin it up to one wall of my class room. Take pictures of everyone in the class and put the pictures and their names on the side of the map and run a string to the place where they are from. This way everyone can see exactly where they are from and how far they traveled to get here. After looking on where everyone came from I would sit aside one day where students can bring food from their culture and clothes, music or even talk about their traditions and there history about where they came from. This way they can taste the foods that they eat and listen to the different sounds of music and hear about how the students talk about their traditions, by doing this the students can understand a little about their culture and why they are different. Another group activity, I would do is watch movies in different languages, but have the words subtitled in English, this way it would require them to watch closely and then give them a quiz after the movie was over. Then have the students say hello in different languages just to see how many different languages they can say hello in. Another activity would be to have them write something about themselves and the title would be why I am different. Each of the students would write a little something about them selves on why they are different this would send a positive message. Now students with special needs, this activity about why I am different would also send a positive message just because they are in a wheel chair doesn’t mean they cannot do things or learn, this exercise would build confidence then they will begin to try harder because they will 2. feel good about themselves. I hope from these activities that the students will remember just because they do not have much as other students they still have a lot. They need to know they have more than they realize, they still have a chance to do something for their lives, education open doors they have so many opportunities that can change their lives forever. Teaching these students just, because you are not as fortunate as other students, like if you have a disability or they are from a different ethnic group, you do not have to let this stop you from going forward. Hopefully students will take this teaching and incorporate this in their personal experiences and let this expand in their growing minds. I believe that multicultural education is well needed in every class room in today’s society. It will take everyone to be involved; this will show everyone that we need to set an example for our future generation. There is so much discrimination in this world. We need to show our students it is ok to be different just be yourself. For my very last activity I would divide the class room in different sections browns eyes over here and blue and green over there. Then I would provide different colored eyes students with different privileges and different punishments, I would show the students just how this activity does demonstrates the manner on how they become conditioned to racism and discrimination. I believe this activity would show students that there are times we do discriminate and don’t realize that we do just because we are different. We also need to get the parents involved in a lot of these activities, because parents often put discrimination in to their children and really don’t realize they do it. These activities will be an eye opener just because you are different doesn’t mean it is a bad thing. This is an opportunity to learn so much about different tradition, cultures, languages and disabilities, we are equal different is good. Just because someone is in a wheel chair doesn’t mean he can not dance he can move that wheel chair around or even play basketball. If I can teach these children that just because someone has a disability doesn’t make him less of a human being 3. hen I did my job. It doesn’t matter if you are disabled or not these students are our future. They can do anything they want they just need that confidence in themselves after all they are our future teaches, doctors or even some will be lawyers, what they learn they will remember for a life time. References ndoleednews. com/multicultural ncrel. org/sdrs/areas ehow. com/info enwikipedia/org/wiki/multiculture

Free Essays on Stress In The Workplace

The Random House College Dictionary defines stress as, â€Å"physical, mental, or emotional strain or tension† (p.1300). Stress is something that we all experience in our lives, more often than not. Stress can be caused by many factors, including poor diet, lack of sleep, rigorous schedules, etc. For many, stress is an everyday part of their job, and can greatly affect their physical and psychological health. For this paper, I plan to describe, in depth, the stresses that many endure in their workplace, including where stress comes from, why stress occurs, what the cause of stress is, and how you can manage and control stress. There are many sources of stress in the work environment. â€Å"A great deal of worker stress is caused by stressors in the environment of the work organization† (Riggio, 2000, p.250). These stressors include job insecurity, excessive competition, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, unpleasant or uncomfortable working conditions, work overload, underutilization, job ambiguity, lack of control and support, long or unusual working hours, as well as income level. Physical sources including lack of sleep, health status, poor diet, as well as drug and alcohol use can contribute to the amount and degree of stress a person experiences on the job. â€Å"While a great deal of stress is created by factors in the organization or by features of jobs and work tasks, some is caused by characteristics of the workers themselves† (Riggio, 2000, p.254). There are two types of behavior patterns that are associated with individual sources of work stress. They have been defined as Type A behavior pattern and susceptibility to stress and to stress effects. Type A behavior pattern is characterized by excessive drive and competitiveness, a sense of urgency and impatience, and underlying hostility (Riggio, 2000). This type of person is otherwise known as a â€Å"workaholic.† People who possess Type A behavior patte... Free Essays on Stress In The Workplace Free Essays on Stress In The Workplace The Random House College Dictionary defines stress as, â€Å"physical, mental, or emotional strain or tension† (p.1300). Stress is something that we all experience in our lives, more often than not. Stress can be caused by many factors, including poor diet, lack of sleep, rigorous schedules, etc. For many, stress is an everyday part of their job, and can greatly affect their physical and psychological health. For this paper, I plan to describe, in depth, the stresses that many endure in their workplace, including where stress comes from, why stress occurs, what the cause of stress is, and how you can manage and control stress. There are many sources of stress in the work environment. â€Å"A great deal of worker stress is caused by stressors in the environment of the work organization† (Riggio, 2000, p.250). These stressors include job insecurity, excessive competition, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, unpleasant or uncomfortable working conditions, work overload, underutilization, job ambiguity, lack of control and support, long or unusual working hours, as well as income level. Physical sources including lack of sleep, health status, poor diet, as well as drug and alcohol use can contribute to the amount and degree of stress a person experiences on the job. â€Å"While a great deal of stress is created by factors in the organization or by features of jobs and work tasks, some is caused by characteristics of the workers themselves† (Riggio, 2000, p.254). There are two types of behavior patterns that are associated with individual sources of work stress. They have been defined as Type A behavior pattern and susceptibility to stress and to stress effects. Type A behavior pattern is characterized by excessive drive and competitiveness, a sense of urgency and impatience, and underlying hostility (Riggio, 2000). This type of person is otherwise known as a â€Å"workaholic.† People who possess Type A behavior patte...

LOVE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

LOVE - Essay Example s him, and for that short duration, she feels that the world is on the tip of her fingers because of the happiness that is caused to her when he looks at her. A married couple in love with each other do small things for another everyday to make the other feel special and give them a feeling of something to live for. Love cannot be seen or touched but it exists for those that believe in its power; when someone loves another person, they tend to want to protect them and spend the maximum amount of time that they can with them, making every second count. Love thus makes people happy and makes them want to wake up every single day with a view to meeting that special person that they have a connection with. This can be understood by a simple test of bidding goodbye; people love those the most to whom saying goodbye is very tough. People in love tend to become extremely unhappy on saying goodbye to their loved ones; the tears in their eyes are the exact opposite of the happiness that they feel when they are with them. There have been a number of films, music as well as literature portraying love as a feeling that brings about the most amount of happiness in the world - â€Å"If we assume that mankind has a right to survive then we must find an alternative to war and destruction. "Dont ever let anyone pull you so low as to hate them. We must use the weapon of love. We must have the compassion and understanding for those who hate us. We must realize so many people are taught to hate us that they are not totally responsible for their hate. But we stand in life at midnight; we are always on the threshold of a new dawn."† (King, Martin Luther) According to Martin Luther King, love brings compassion and happiness that can be used as a weapon against those that hate and enjoy causing destruction. The same theories were also propounded and experimented by Mahatma Gandhi who said that non violence or love is the answer to the world’s problems. The point of love is to make

The Creative Innovation and Vast Influence of Merce Cunningham Essay

The Creative Innovation and Vast Influence of Merce Cunningham - Essay Example If I was one who did not know his background, I would just see him as an old, shriveled, slow-speaking senior citizen dispensing wisdom on dance and life from his wheelchair and regaling his glory days when he had his share of the limelight as the star of the show. Yet, upon listening to his words, one can be enamored by his passion for the arts, notwithstanding his age and disability. In his advanced age, when most of his contemporaries are long dead or shoved in nursing homes rendering them useless to society, Cunningham remained vigilant in his post as guard of the dance, issuing instructions for his company of dancers as he envisions the dance in his still brilliant mind. He may sit immobile in his wheelchair, but his spirit and ideas joined the nubile movements of his dancers on the floor. That vision alone encapsulates how innovative and influential he was in the world of dance. This paper will explore how he came to be such. Travelling back in time to his origins as a young da ncer, Merce Cunningham started training in all-round theatrical dance at the tender age of twelve under the supervision of Mrs. J.W. Barrett. He went on to further his studies at the Cornish School in Seattle, Washington and became a mentee of the eminent dance diva, Martha Graham. This grand dame had a great influence on the young Cunningham, as she prodded him to pursue professional dancing and choreography as a career. In 1944, he first collaborated with long-time art and life partner, John Cage in a dance concert where he choreographed his dances as the dance soloist to the original music composed and performed by John Cage. The resulting performance was something new for everyone to see and it elicited a gamut of reactions from all sectors. The resounding critique was made by Edwin Denby who noted that he had ‘never seen a first recital that combined such taste, such technical finish, such originality of dance material, and so sure a manner of presentation’ (Gresko vic, 1999, p. 72). Indeed, Cunningham has lived up to that compliment all throughout his dance career. In 1953, Cunningham had his own company of 5 dancers, including himself. He preferred to maintain a small group that even in 1994, there were only 17 including the choreographer. His fortunate dancer-trainees eventually went on to develop their own careers as dancer-choreographers and made names for themselves. Some of these were Paul Taylor, Remy Charlip, Viola Farber, Margaret Jenkins, Douglas Dunn, Gus Solomons, Jr., Karole Armitage and Ulysses Dove (Greskovic, 1999). The prominence these mentees of Cunningham gained was a reflection of his great influence in their dance philosophies. Cunningham’s dance innovations never ceased to amaze the audience. Asked if he was out to shock people with his dances, he claimed he was not, but was out to bring poetry in their lives. He brought a twist to ballet, which was so much part of the modern dance innovations but somehow put an e dge to the classic dance. He combined what he learned from ballet such as the pronounced use of the legs, with the strong emphasis on the upper body in modern dance methods. Greskovic (1999) identifies one of Cunningham’s technical advancement in relation to ballet’s five positions of the feet that he referred to as the Five Positions of the Back – upright, curve, arch, twist and tilt. A meticulous artist, Cunningham did not stop at designing details of his choreography but also dabbled with the music that accompanied the dance. The unconventional sound elements used may be disturbing to the audience simply because it is unfamiliar and therefore, uncomfortable.

Riordan Manufacturing Staffing strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Riordan Manufacturing Staffing strategies - Essay Example tant deadlines to be met, most of the employers don’t evaluate the pros and cons of hiring an individual and unless there are well developed staffing strategies, this will be an ongoing problem. The focus is,†People are your most important asset is wrong. People are not your most important asset: the right people are." (Jim Collins in his book "Good to Great").Hence it is very important to hire the right candidate for the right job. A well developed staffing strategy helps an organization to eliminate problems before they start. A staffing strategy provides overall guidance on how an organization deals with staff. This includes how the organization identifies with new staff, the types of people the organization wants to staff, and how to retain them. Once this strategy is decided upon, the human resource department frames some policies and procedures to support the strategy. Riordan Manufacturing is a global plastics manufacturer founded in 1991, It employs over 550 people and has projected annual earnings of $46 million. The company is wholly owned by Riordan Industries, a Fortune 1000 enterprise with revenues in excess of $1 billion. However over the years, Riordan’s management realized that employee dissatisfaction was quite high and sales sloped downwards. As the business world has become more complex and jobs more technical† (*Shah, Sterrett, Chesser, & Wilmore (2001), many corporations have turned to strategic planning. Today, organizations have realized the importance of its human capital thus, the need to further develop, retain and attract personnel to achieve business objectives. Riordans management team has realized that the companys most important asset is their employees. HRs proactive approach to recruiting the best and brightest candidates will help to provide future leaders for the company as they continue to grow and meet the demanding challenges. In order to accomplish the organizational goals, Riordan must follow suit in attracting

Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Diabetes - Essay Example However, the International Diabetes Federation indicates that seven of the ten countries with the highest number of diabetics are in the developing world rather than where the medicines and treatments might be readily available. Increased risks of stroke and heart disease are associated with diabetes no matter where it strikes. â€Å"These life-threatening consequences strike people with diabetes more than twice as often as they do others† (American Diabetes Association, 2006). Further complications associated with diabetes include kidney disease, blindness, and the threat of amputations. â€Å"In some countries in the Caribbean and the Middle East, the percentage of the diabetic population ranges from 12 to 20 percent† (Dorfman, 2007). These numbers increase every year along with the rising costs associated with health care provisions. This discussion examines what diabetes is, the lifestyle and genetic risk factors of the disease and its potential health consequences. It will also discuss preventative measures as well as proper diet and care for those afflicted with the disease. A primary factor in diabetes is the level of insulin present in the body. Insulin is a chemical the body produces naturally to mange the induction of glucose into the system. When the body produces too little amounts of insulin, greater amounts of glucose are allowed to enter the bloodstream thereby causing the symptoms of the disease called diabetes. Glucose, a simple sugar, enters the body by way of ingested food and into every red blood cell via the bloodstream; the cells then break down the glucose which acts to supply energy throughout the body. Brain cells, as well as other organs, are fueled by glucose alone. In diabetics, the body does not keep a stable amount of glucose in the cells. This means the body has more than the necessary glucose levels immediately after a meal but too

Reflection on ERIE Step IV Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection on ERIE Step IV - Assignment Example nother one is influenced by numerous factors, such as personal mind and brain activity of a child, character of learner, educator’s teaching style, form of information’s representation, level of students’ involvement in the teaching process, variety of tasks and assignments, opportunities to implement children’s creativity and initiative, atmosphere in a classroom, psychological approach of the teacher and educator’s experience and emotional urge. Taking into account such a large number of internal and external variables that cause specific impact on the learning process, it is no wonder that frequently results of our educational system can be rather disappointing. This happens due to the fact that some teachers are prone to disregard any notion from the mentioned list and build a lesson according to a standard template; meanwhile, it is imperative to keep in mind that every student is individuality, who sometimes requires special approach. Knowledge can be considered as indispensable part of our not only professional, but also social and private life. According to the gist of studied theories, such as constructivism, objectivism, humanism and behaviorism, the same piece of information can be represented and taught differently thereby the results and return from each approach can vary drastically. With the help of carried out researches, it has been found out that human’s ability to forget some information and fail to apply the knowledge which he or she has gained previously in specific situations is affected by experience and emotional background. Secondly, it has been proved by many scientists that availability and abundance of information, such as personal incentive that encourages student to enroll in a course, the main goal of the lectures, student’s preferences regarding offered activities and learner’s psychological reactions along with age, sex and social background, play extremely urgent role in the character of the final results.

Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Diabetes - Essay Example However, the International Diabetes Federation indicates that seven of the ten countries with the highest number of diabetics are in the developing world rather than where the medicines and treatments might be readily available. Increased risks of stroke and heart disease are associated with diabetes no matter where it strikes. â€Å"These life-threatening consequences strike people with diabetes more than twice as often as they do others† (American Diabetes Association, 2006). Further complications associated with diabetes include kidney disease, blindness, and the threat of amputations. â€Å"In some countries in the Caribbean and the Middle East, the percentage of the diabetic population ranges from 12 to 20 percent† (Dorfman, 2007). These numbers increase every year along with the rising costs associated with health care provisions. This discussion examines what diabetes is, the lifestyle and genetic risk factors of the disease and its potential health consequences. It will also discuss preventative measures as well as proper diet and care for those afflicted with the disease. A primary factor in diabetes is the level of insulin present in the body. Insulin is a chemical the body produces naturally to mange the induction of glucose into the system. When the body produces too little amounts of insulin, greater amounts of glucose are allowed to enter the bloodstream thereby causing the symptoms of the disease called diabetes. Glucose, a simple sugar, enters the body by way of ingested food and into every red blood cell via the bloodstream; the cells then break down the glucose which acts to supply energy throughout the body. Brain cells, as well as other organs, are fueled by glucose alone. In diabetics, the body does not keep a stable amount of glucose in the cells. This means the body has more than the necessary glucose levels immediately after a meal but too

Discuss the positive and negative aspects of an ageing population,with Essay

Discuss the positive and negative aspects of an ageing population,with particular reference to your country - Essay Example Saudi Arabia is undoubtedly the largest oil producer in the world and the biggest company in the Middle East. It performs fairly well in other economic areas; for instance, its tourism sector flourishes with millions of tourists flocking some of its resorts for vacation and water sports especially due to the clear waters of the red sea. Their real Estate and construction sector is attractive as renting is becoming fairly rampant; the country owns gold mines in the South along the red sea and Bauxite and Phosphate in the North (Oxford Business Group 170). All the same its government’s major priority is to diversify its economy as it is currently heavily dependent on oil and gas. An ageing population consists of those 60 years and above.The huge gap between supply and demand initially in Saudi Arabia could be explained by the high population growth that took place in the country; in fact, it was at the time ranked to have a 46% higher birth rate than the world’s usual average population growth. This high population in Saudi Arabia was represented by an extremely young population; it is estimated that 70 % of its population were less than 30 years with 45% of this given bracket being under 15 years (Oxford Business Group 138). This translated into around 30% of the older population quite a small number; Initially between 2000 and 2005 the ageing population of 60 years and above declined in most Arab countries, Saudi Arabia Included; due to the high birth rate. However, recently there was a huge shift in events when in Saudi Arabia and other oil exporting countries such as United Arab Emirates such that the fertility and birth rate greatly declined resulting in an increase in the number of the ageing population (Gopal and Tikhvinsky 104).it is now estimated that by 2045, 15 % of the population will be aged as from 60 years and above due to the decline

Best Practices Essay Example for Free

Best Practices Essay Historically, minority groups have been ardent supporters of and advocates for high-quality public education. Black efforts to gain systemic equality in educational policies and practices are well known: the battles for equal per-pupil expenditures; teachers’ salaries; length of school terms; expenditures for buildings, facilities, equipment, and books; curricular offerings; and so on. As a result of these efforts and of political and economic changes nationally and internationally, progress has been made with respect to ending legally imposed school segregation, as well as increasing minority participation in schooling for longer periods of time, that is, raising the median years of schooling completed. This paper aims to identify three best practices which assist the educational progress of minorities. Since public school desegregation began in the mid-1960s, urban school improvement is considered to be one of the most contributing factors for the progress of minorities in educational sector. Black educators and their likeminded allies have increasingly taken the lead in urban school improvement. One facet of this movement has been the study of schools that are effectively educating urban poor black children and making recommendations to other schools that want to replicate effective policies and programs. Researchers like Ronald R. Edmonds, George Weber and Daniel U. Levine began by identifying public schools that were effectively teaching black children and pinpointed their common characteristics, namely strong administrative leadership; orderly but flexible atmosphere, conducive to instruction; philosophy that acquiring basic academic skills is the first order of business; climate of high expectations, and continuous monitoring and evaluation of pupil progress with instructional strategies redesigned as needed (Mohanty, 1994). Achievements of urban school improvements were particularly evident in the middle of 1990s, for instance the data indicated significant increase in New York schools where 70 percent or more of the students â€Å"achieved reading scores at or above grade level for three years† (Iram Wahrman, 2003:119). The second important practice contributing to educational progress of minorities is initiation and further development of various improvement projects targeting directly minority students and their teachers. In the beginning of 1990s for instance, Chicago instituted a plan for mastery learning in reading to correct the widespread problem of low reading achievement. The program provided teachers with comprehensive instructional activities, corresponding student learning activities, formative tests for instructional feedback, and corrective instructional activities for those students who failed to master objectives. A criterion referenced testing program served as the basis for instruction, promotion, and administrative monitoring (Bjork et al, 1994). The New Jersey Education Association (NJEA) in 1996 instituted a School Effectiveness Training Program designed to increase student achievement. The results from this program showed lower staff absenteeism, higher participation of staff in instructional decisions, greater involvement of staff in school activities, reduced costs for vandalism, better management, and higher staff and student morale (McNeely, 1985). The final practice, very important in terms of progress performed by minorities in education is giving a preference to private schooling than public. It must be emphasized that during the past two decades it has become increasingly apparent that larger numbers of minority adults are selecting nonpublic schools for their young. In their desire to obtain the best possible education for their young, they choose private schools, including minority independent schools. These parents say they believe private schools provide their children with better basic skills instruction, cultivate higher order thinking skills, have higher academic standards, and prepare their children for college or the work place more successfully. School improvement for them means leaving public schools. As Slaughter and Schneider points out (1986:17) black parents’ choice of private schools is â€Å"less of a rejection of public schooling, and more of an evolution of a new strategy for insuring future levels of sustained and/or upward mobility for the family. † Increased minority departure from public schools, however, may mean that the more supportive, motivated, caring, and accomplished parents and their children (regardless of income) are not involved in the public school system and that the system is the loser in the process (Henig et al. , 1999). From the critical perspective, minority individuals and communities must consider the costs and benefits of education in nonpublic schools compared with education in public schools not only for themselves, but for the nation at large. At the same time, public schools must make more headway in school improvement if they want to retain the traditional support they have long enjoyed from black families. Many minority students can attain standards of excellence if school improvement policies and programs such as those described above are retained, consistently used, refined, and modified. Individual schools will find that their achievement levels and test scores improve, and that many of them can attain local and national norms even if their populations are poor, or black, or Hispanic, or both. These standards can be achieved without excluding any student from an equal opportunity to be educated. Our country still has a long way to go to realize equity in the schoolrooms of our nation. All students need an equal chance to learn, which means providing equity in financing schools and programs; providing competent, caring teachers; retaining proven, compensatory programs and relating curriculum subject matter to coping with real-life situations and problems. References Bjork L. et al (1994). Minorities in Higher Education, Oryx Press Henig J. , Hula R. , Orr M. , Pedescleaux D. (1999). The Color of School Reform: Race, Politics, and the Challenge of Urban Education, Princeton University Press Iram Y. Wahrman H. (2003). Education of Minorities and Peace Education in Pluralistic Societies, Hillel; Praeger, 2003 Mohanty, C. T. (1994). On Race and Voice: Challenges for Liberal Education in the 1990s. In H. A. Giroux and P. McLaren (Eds. ), Between Borders: Pedagogy and the Politics of Cultural Studies (145-166). New York: Routledge Slaughter D. T. , Schneider B. L. (1986). Newcomers: Blacks in private schools. Final Report to the National Institute of Education (Grant No. NIE-G-82-0040, Project No. 2- 0450). Evanston, IL: Northwestern University, School of Education

Causes of Whooping Cough

Causes of Whooping Cough Abstract Introduction The genus Bordetella contains species of bacteria which are related serologically each displaying similar characteristics such as morphology, size and staining reactions (Website 1). The Bordetella genus is responsible for respiratory infections that are common in both people and animals (journal 1); Bordetella pertussis was first isolated in pure culture in 1906 and was long considered the sole causing factor of whooping cough. However, further studies revealed that mild forms of whooping cough could be caused by Bordetella parapertussis and on occasions Bordetella bronchiseptica (website 1). Whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory illness that affects humans caused by the gram negative bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. This particular pathogen is a strict human pathogen with no evidence of an impact on animals or the environment (journal 1). The disease can be characterised by bronchopneumonia, paroxysmal coughing and the distinctive ‘whooping’ intake of air. Pertussis is more prevelant in developing countries where essential medical care is often not available and disease (journal 2) Species Associated with Bordetella Bacteria that belong to the genus Bordetella are of importance to both paediatric and veterinary medicine due to their ability to colonise and multiply on the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract (journal 4) Nine species have been identified within the Bordetella genus to date, only three additional members, B. bronchiseptica, B. parapertussis and b. homlessi (journal 3). B. pertussis and B. parapertussis are extremely closely related according to their genomes; B. bronchiseptica, which by DNA-DNA and DNA-rRNA hybridisation are also closely related to the two previous species. A more recent addition to the genus includes B. avium (formerly known as Alceligenes faecalis) (website 1) which is described as a bird pathogen causes turkey coryza and other respiratory infections in fowl (journal 2). Another late addition includes B. hinzii (formerly known as A. faecalis type II), which can lead to respiratory disease in poultry and is very rarely found in humans (website 1). B. trematum has recently been proposed for a novel species isolated from human wounds and ear infections; although none of the new species identified were associated with respiratory infections, they are phylogenetically si milar to other members of the genus (journal 2). Transmission Infection typically begins with the bacterium entering the airways of the host via airborne droplets derived from the cough of an infected individual. The pathogen proceeds down the respiratory tract and adhering to ciliated epithelial cells of the trachea and nasopharnyx in the host. Once attachment has occurred, the pathogen proceeds to replicate and colonise any adjacent areas. As part of Bordetella’s extensive range of virulence factors, it secretes toxins that damage the epithelial cells, which results in the loss of ciliated cells; this process induces the characteristic coughing (journal 2). Virulence Factors The main objective of any pathogenic bacterium is to colonise and replicate by exploiting its environment to the fullest extent. This can be achieved by the bacterium controlling and producing specific factors that enable it to infect the host (journal 2). Many of the virulence factors characterised in the bordetellae are common across the three species (B. pertussis, B parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica). These include adhesions such as filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin tracheal colonisation factor and fimbriae, and toxins including adenylate cyclasehemolysin, dermonecrotic and tracheal cytotoxin. Other virulence factors are expressed by just one of the species, such as the pertussis toxin and serum resistant protein secreted by B. pertussis or a type III secretion system expressed by the species B. bronchiseptica (Journal 5) Bvg Regulation The majority of virulence factors displaced by this genus are controlled by BvgAS regulatory locus, a two-component regulatory system. BvgA is a 23 kDa (journal 9) DNA binding response regulator (journal 8). BvgS is a 135 kDa (journal 9) transmembrane sensor protein kinase (journal 8). This system assists the transition of B. pertussis between its virulent phase of Bvg+ and its Bvg phase which is avirulent (JOURNAL 10). For both B. bronchiseptica and B. pertussis, in order for sufficient respiratory tract colonisation the Bvg+ phase is necessary (journal 8), this phase can be demonstrated when bacteria is grown on a rich media at 37Â °C (journal 11) BvgAS undergoes a series of phosphorelay signal transduction events in response to an environmental stimulus that leads to differential transcriptions of target genes. This regulatory system has a distinct intermediate phase, Bvg1 that can be achieved with the growth of bacteria in that conditions are between Bvg+ and Bvg phases (journal 11). BvgS undergoes autophosphorylation when there is an absence of modulators, after several steps the phosphate group is transferred to the amino terminal domain of the second component. The phosphorylation activates BvgA and binds to promoter regions located on B.pertussis virulence activated genes (Journal 12). Filamentous Haemagglutinin Many virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis are well characterised and any mutations in these factors causes significant reduction or complete loss of virulence. The bacteria adhere to ciliated cells of the epithelium in the upper section of the respiratory tract. The filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) is the major adhesion present across B. pertussis, B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica (journal 6). This particular virulence factor is crucial in order for B. pertussis to attach the pathogen to the host cell. FHA is a 220-kDA surface associated protein that is secreted to the extracellular environment to assist the adherence to ciliated epithelial cells, therefore initiating the pathogenic cycle (Journal 2). However, in recent studies using the closely related species Bordetella bronchiseptica it has shown that other adhesions are just as important in initiating an infection; any deletion of any of the four adhesions (FHA, Pertactin, fimbriae, Brk A) results in the decreased abil ity of B. bronchiseptica to bind to host cells (Book 1) Pertactin Pertactin can also be known as aliases p.69 and OMP 68 due to its electrophoretic mobility in SDS-Page, pertactin is a 60-kDa outer membrane protein which assists bacterial adherence. Similar molecules are produced by other members of the same genus; B. parapertussis produces p.70 and p.68 in B. bronchiseptica (Journal 2). In a comparison of the prn gene sequences of B. bronchiseptica, B. pertussis and B. parapertussis, the precursors were found to be homologous (journal 6). The mechanism in which pertactin promotes the adherence to the ciliated epithelial cells is unknown and no receptor has been found, It has been demonstrated by a number of groups that pertactin can be described as an immunoprotective antigen (Journal 2). Adenylate cyclase toxin/haemolysin Adenylate cyclase toxin, a 177 kDa polypeptide (book 1) is a highly toxic potent repeats in toxin (RTX) family and is a substrate of T1SS. This particular toxin consists of two functional molecules; adenylate cyclase domain which binds calmodulin and catalyses unregulated conversion of ATP to cAMP, and an RTX haemolytic domain which is responsible for the binding to target cells and translocating adenylate domain into the cytosol (journal 7). Evidence suggests that the increasing levels of cAMP produced can lead to a decrease in phagocytosis as well as inhibition of chemotaxis; this therefore affects a major part of the innate immune response book 1). ACT has the potential to play a role in adhesion by modifying a carbohydrate binding domain of FHA leading to an increased ability to bind to host cells. However, the main function of ACT appears to be its ability to inhibit the function of neutrophils (book 1). Pertussis Toxin (PT) – Type IV Secretion Pertussis toxin is a member of the AB5 toxin family, indicating it consists of five different subunits (book 2), with two copies of the subunit 2 together with single copies of S 2, 3 and 5 forming a pentameric ring. This mediates host cell receptor binding and the translocation of the S 1 subunit (ADP ribosyltransferase) (BOOK 4), it is considered the most complex bacterial toxin. Pertussis toxin is essential for bacterial virulence; it interferes with the mechanism used by host cells to remain in communication with the rest of the host’s body. Other affects include weight loss, elevated igE production, and increased sensitivity to histamine, serotonin and cold. While the pertussis toxin alters the behaviour of both human and animal cells, its ability to inhibit activation of the immune system in response to infection best explains its role in human whooping cough (book 2). A full understanding of Type IV secretion is yet to be achieved; however, it does provide a good example of the ability of bacteria to adapt groups of proteins to its new needs (book 4). Epidemiology In terms of epidemiological quantities, there are two fundamental aspects: the transmission rate and the length of the infectious period; these values determine the basic reproductive rate R0 (journal 13). The mucous membranes of the human respiratory tract are the natural habitat for Bordetella bacteria, although B. pertussis can survive outside the body for up to a few days and can be transmitted via contaminated items. Majority of infectors occur through direct contact with an infected individual (website 1). Prior to the 20th century was considered a terrible childhood disease, in 2008 it still occurs for approximately 195,000 deaths worldwide. Of these fatal cases 95% occurred in developing countries. Outbreaks have been found to be linked with incomplete or reduced immunisation of individuals. The vaccine formerly used was known as DTP and included antibodies diphtheria toxin (D), tetanus toxin (T) and pertussis (P); however, this vaccine has been replaced with a safer DTaP vaccine, reducing the side effects (website 2). Discussion Although many advances have been made, much remains to be discovered as to how the adhesions and toxins produced by the Bordetella species establish and maintain infection and development of disease.in host cell organisms. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7813/ WEBSITE 1 http://www.who.int/immunization/topics/pertussis/en/index.html WEBSITE 2 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1082800/ JOURNAL 1 JOURNAL 2 http://cmr.asm.org/content/18/2/326.full.pdf+html JOURNAL 3 JOURNAL 4 JOURNAL 5 http://ac.els-cdn.com.ezproxy.tees.ac.uk/S1438422104700168/1-s2.0-S1438422104700168-main.pdf?_tid=39b13536-78ce-11e3-a0ea-00000aab0f6bacdnat=1389231467_08ec4f32bf03d5b1bbcd2962a3d8df69 JOURNAL 6 http://ac.els-cdn.com.ezproxy.tees.ac.uk/S1369527409000022/1-s2.0-S1369527409000022-main.pdf?_tid=5086535e-78ce-11e3-a61d-00000aacb35eacdnat=1389231506_264d1d5985a0ebc34a51cd5e2841829b JOURNAL 7 http://jb.asm.org/content/189/10/3695.long JOURNAL 8 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC108527/pdf/ii004367.pdf JOURNAL 9 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC98121/pdf/ii001983.pdf JOURNAL 10 http://jb.asm.org/content/186/17/5692.full.pdf JOURNAL 11 http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1369527400001697/1-s2.0-S1369527400001697-main.pdf?_tid=51d25790-79a9-11e3-86be-00000aab0f02acdnat=1389325568_31e8be38dfd04481d06fa83d877cb8dd JOURNAL 12 http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0966842X05001654/1-s2.0-S0966842X05001654-main.pdf?_tid=4baef94c-79ac-11e3-a8e6-00000aacb361acdnat=1389326846_4eecbd9c825cd7b16b288d3acc79fd7e JOURNAL 13 http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=axeJ8Q9eJ3kCprintsec=frontcoverdq=bordetellahl=ensa=Xei=PlHNUqfFJMSt7Qa_-YCQCAredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=bordetellaf=false BOOK 1 http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sTsC65kCJbUCpg=PA648dq=bordetellahl=ensa=Xei=PlHNUqfFJMSt7Qa_-YCQCAredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=bordetellaf=false BOOK 2 http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FwGmyh2OUToCpg=PT575dq=bordetellahl=ensa=Xei=PlHNUqfFJMSt7Qa_-YCQCAredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=bordetellaf=false BOOK 3 BOOK 4 BACTERIAL MECHANISMS

Lucid Dreaming Essays -- Reserach Dreaming Dreams Essays

Lucid Dreaming Austin based filmmaker Richard Linklater recently released a movie that is a dream. By that I mean both that it is about a dream, and that it is dreamlike. "Waking Life" received mixed reviews, but it also sparked new interest in an idea that has actually been around a long time: lucid dreaming. In this paper I intend to explore the concept of lucidity in dreams, and to concentrate on the research of Stanford University's Stephen LaBerge, who has used lucid dreaming as a tool to better understand the biological phenomena of sleep and dreams. Basically, "lucid dreaming" is being aware that you are dreaming(1). In the late 19th century, Frederik van Eeden published his observations about his own lucid dreams. He reported the sensation of "being able to freely remember the circumstances of waking life, to think clearly, and to act deliberately upon reflection, all while experiencing a dream world that seems vividly real(2) (3)." Lucid dreams are not reported often, although a 1988 study by Snyder and Gackenbach indicated that as many as 58 % of people report having had at least one lucid dream in their life time, with 21 % having them as regularly as once a month(2). LaBerge was the among first scientists to provide scientific evidence supporting the phenomena in the early 1980s(4). His research has shown several techniques to be successful tools to help an individual learn how to become lucid in a dream. Lucid Dreaming: Fact or Fiction? Scientific debate regarding the validity of lucid dreams has existed for some time. Some believed that so-called lucid dreams were not dreams at all, but brief arousals from the sleeping state analogous to day dreaming. As recently as 1985 David Foulkes ... ...ry, dream lucidity appears to be a valid phenomena and one many people hope to achieve for themselves. Whatever your interest in the topic, you are sure to find an outlet for it in the plethora of internet resources available on the topic. Internet Sources: 1)Lucidity For All http://www.ld4all.com/index.html 2)The Lucidity Institute Site: "Lucid Dreaming: Psychophysiological Studies of Consciousness during REM Sleep, by Stephen LaBerge, Ph. D. http://www.lucidity.com/SleepAndCognition.html 3) The Lucidity Institute: "A Study of Dreams" , by Frederik van Eeden http://www.lucidity.com/vanEeden.html 4) "Waking the Dreamer", Levity.com http://www.levity.com/mavericks/lab-int.htm 5) "Dreaming: Lucid and Non Lucid" , by David Foulkes http://www.sawka.com/spiritwatch/dreaming.htm 6) The Lucid Dreaming Guild http://www.geocities.com/lucidguild/

Polonius and Laertes Assist Hamlet :: Essays Papers

Polonius and Laertes Assist Hamlet 1. In his play, Hamlet, William Shakespeare uses various foils to make the play more complex. These foils involve numerous characters that help to develop different relationships and conflicts. Without these foils, the relationships and conflicts would not happen, and the play could not develop. They help us to understand Hamlet[']s actions and bring diversity to the play. Polonius and Laertes are the main foils for Hamlet. Polonius shows how irrational Hamlet thinks, and Laertes shows that Hamlet must pay for his actions, even if he is royalty. This plot and conflict develop from the similarities and differences between Hamlet and the foils. 2. Why are foils required to understand and develop the play? A foil is a minor character used to help develop or understand a major character. The foil must have some similarities with the major character in order to create a link with him. A foil must also be different in order to show or distinguish something about the major character. The foil does not always have an active role. Sometimes the foil is just someone for the major character to talk to. This allows his ideas to come through to the audience without a narrator; therefore, the foil is a kind of prop to help develop the role of the major character. Without a foil, there is no one to help develop or understand the major character, [;] thus his ideas cannot be revealed to the audience. Polonius was an important foil for Hamlet. 3. Polonius and Hamlet were similar in that they both loved Ophelia and tried to protect her. While Polonius died trying, Hamlet encouraged [?] her to go to a nunnery. Unfortunately, she died anyway. Also, Hamlet and Polonius both died trying to protect a woman. Polonius was trying to protect Ophelia from Hamlet, just as Hamlet was trying to protect his mother from Claudius. [Nice point] Both men were also loyal to a king--Polonius to Claudius, and Hamlet to his father. Here again, both kings were killed. 4. Polonius and Hamlet also had their differences. While Polonius was loyal to Claudius, Hamlet was not loyal or even respectful to him. Hamlet knew Claudius was a murderer and Polonius was not even suspicious of King Hamlet’s death. Although they both died, Polonius and Hamlet[']s murders were different.

Key Economic Indicators and Changes over time in Bangladesh

The ancient region that in 1000 B.C. was called the Vanga, or Banga, Kingdom is considered to be #8 among the poorest and most densely populated countries today. Bangladesh, an independent country with parliamentary democratic government at the head of the state, remains dependent on foreign investors, grant aids and loans from the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the U.S., Japan and some Western countries, and suffers from corruption, lack of reforms, weak infrastructure and unstable financial system.The economic exploitation of the East Bengal (contemporary Bangladesh) by the West Pakistan, contemporary Pakistan, has turned out to be the complete deficit for the first player and the surplus for the other one. Yet, the advantageous climate, fertile soil, abundance of water and population growth are still playing the essential role and bringing the balance in economic indicators: income and employment rates, productivity, import and export prices, inflation, balance of trade, balance of payments, etc.Till the 10th century the East Bengal was ruled by Buddhists. Since that time the power had been handing over to Hindu, then Islamic converts in 1576 and British India from 1757 till 1947. However, the foreign dominance has shifted to domestic one and for 24 years the historic region of Bengal was a part of Pakistan. Though, the most of Pakistani population were the residents of East Pakistan (contemporary Bangladesh), the West Pakistan was holding the control over politics and economics.Grace to Sheik Mujibur Rahman and other Bengali nationalists, the independent state of Bangladesh with the capital of the state – Dhaka, and Sheikh Mujibur, as its head, was proclaimed on March 26, 1971. However, 1 million Bengalis had to pay the price during the four-year civil war that followed the independence of Bengali nation. On February, 1974, Pakistan finally accepted their autonomy attempt and a slaughter of brave soldiers was compensated in an unexpected way .The greatest problem, which has affected the devastated economy in 1980s, was the population growth. According to the facts, provided by Heitzman, J., and Worden, R., the population of East Bengal in 1901 numbered 29 million people, of East Pakistan – 44 million in 1951, of Bangladesh – 71 million in 1974, 87 million in 1981 and 110 million in 1988 (1989). It was expected that Bangladesh will reach the mark of 140 million by 2000 and today it numbers 150 million people. Today, Bangladesh takes the first place in population among Asian countries, the third one in national debt and the lowest GDP growth – 4.5 percent (Vital Statistics, 2006).Though Bangladesh had such natural resources as natural gas, timber, coal and agricultural land, they could not cover the demand of the growing population, along with natural disasters, such as cyclones, tropical monsoons, droughts, tornadoes, tidal bores and floods; therefore, agriculture – the key economic factor â⠂¬â€œ was rising from ashes over and over again.So, the newly proclaimed government had to seek answers to the following issues:1) environmental – degradation and erosion of soil, deforestation, lack of lands for cultivation, shortages of water and its pollution, natural disasters;2) national – overpopulation, illiteracy, technological regress and diseases.The independence has also brought some economic concerns, which have to be solved with the help of brand new economic policies and planning. The government of Bangladesh had to manage over 300 industrial enterprises (90 percent out of all enterprises such like), which West Pakistani owners left after 1971. The grant aid and loan commitments to the developing economy at that time numbered $15 billion disbursed out of $22 billion planned. The UN Development Program, along with the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank and developed countries gave a hand to strengthen the new nation.In order to manage the economy, the government of Bangladesh had to develop new industrial capacities and rehabilitate the economy itself. The West Pakistani economic model turned out to be inefficient and has led to economic stagnation. In 1975, the government resolved to organize public corporations and gave a greater scope to private sector, which is still working on. The state-owned enterprises that were targeted at: sugar, cotton textiles, steel, fertilizer, chemicals, minerals, pharmaceuticals, food, forest, paper newsprint, cement, garments, tea processing, engineering and shipbuilding products have been privatized; while banking sector, jute, oil and gas production remained under the governmental control.Bangladeshi government endeavored to encourage private sector and investments, denationalize public industries, ease up the import system and reinstate budgetary regulation. Yet, the reforms, expected from an enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF), along with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), were affected by political confrontation in 1991-1993. That very year, Bangladesh received $3.3 billion in food and development assistance from the United States and was forgiven $293 million of national debt. The corruption level and political troubles cut the foreign investments in 2000-2001 and led to the economic regress.In 2003, after liberalization reform, the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) $490-million plan for 3 years was approved by the IMF. Also, the World Bank has approved $536 million in interest-free loans. Other economic policies originated from the West Pakistani model and estimated the Annual Development Program, Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRSs) and the five-year plans for the economy.The first two waves of the Five-Year Plan failed to meet the objectives; but the last one, which lasted from 1985 to 1990: reduced poverty, â€Å"[brought] down the rate of population growth to 1.8 percent annually (present rate is 2.2 percent (Vital Statistics, 2006)), in crease[d] exports by 5.9 percent and  domestic savings by 10 percent, attain[ed] self- sufficiency in food production, [stated] GDP of 5.4 percent† (Heitzman, 1989). In its turn, the government of Bangladesh maintained institutions, responsible for implementation of economic policies and planning. The Planning Commission, the National Economic Council, the Executive Committee and the Project Evaluation Committee were and are still monitoring the reforms and progresses of economic policies and plans.According to the â€Å"Bangladesh† fact sheet, the key economic indicators between 2001 and 2006 are as follows: GDP showed a stable increase from $47.2 billion in 2001 to 63.0 billion in 2006, therefore, real GDP growth varied from 4.8 to 6.2 accordingly; GDP per capita have increased from $335 to $407; goods exports varied from 14.5 percent of GDP to 16.1 percent. The Central Bank of Bangladesh in its publication â€Å"Major Economic Indicators† provided the ample data on other economic indicators. Hereby, the Bangladeshi inflation rate increased from 1.5 % in 2001 to 6.94 % in 2007; balance of trade, 2007, amounts $-2,551 million, exports increased by $1519.05 to $9036.45 million (20.21 %) and import payments increased by $2172.8 to $12743.5 million (20.55%) in 2007.These promising facts show that foreign investments and loans, along with domestic policies, improved infrastructure and financial system, made economic reforms, and strengthened Bangladeshi positions on the global market. Yet, the growing number of labor force earns its livings from agriculture, while undeveloped industrial sector, inefficient power supplies and underdeveloped energy and gas resources hide the potential for economic growth, developed market, and the way out of poverty. The government of Bangladesh had turned its blind eye towards the economic perspectives of technological progress, the interrelationship between transportation and communication, and the core econ omic factor – industrialization in the very beginning of the new nation, so today it remains underdeveloped and holds the place of one of the poorest countries in the world.References:Central Bank of Bangladesh. (2007, May). Major Economic Indicators: Monthly Update.Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2006, July). Bangladesh: The Economy FactHeitzman, J., Worden, R. (1989). Bangladesh: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for theLibrary of Congress.Virtual Bangladesh. (2006, August). Economy: Vital Statistics. Retrieved June 5, 2007, from Read also: Padma Bridge

Health and safety and responses to emergencies in a care setting

M3: Discuss health, safety or security concerns arising from a specific incident or emergency in a health or social care setting. D2: Justify responses to a particular incident or emergency in a health and social care setting. Incidents can occur wherever and whenever. It is important that you know how to deal with incidents because it could save a person’s life. One incident that could occur is aggressive and dangerous encounters. This could happen in a care home where the patient has a mental illness or dementia, so it could lead to them being abusive towards staff. When working in a care home, staff members should be aware of what triggers the aggressive behaviour for each individual so it will prevent you from making it happen. When dealing with aggressive behaviour, your priority should be your own safety because the patient could easily hit you so you should respond to this quickly, keeping yourself safe. The way a carer should respond to this is by firstly calling for help because if you stay on your own with the patient, they could physically hurt you so it is important to have someone there as a witness in case something does happen. This should be the first priority because it is not safe staying on your own and if you don’t do this response it could be a risk to you and also no one will be there to witness anything if the patient does hurt you. Having someone else there may calm the situation down. If no one is available to come you the second thing you should do is move back from the patient and try to calm them down, but this will not always work, if the patient doesn’t calm down or gets angrier then you should immediately move away from the situation so the patient can calm down on their own this is important because if you don’t move away it could make them angrier and cause them to lash out. As a carer you should know when to walk away from the situation to stop it from escalating. After you have walked away, the last step should be to report it to the senior staff members or the manager so they could log it in the report book this is because all staff members will be aware of that person and if it happens again they will maybe be prepared and will know it’s happened before. It is important to inform everyone about this so they are aware when they are caring for that person. The first thing and the most important thing to do is call for help. This is because you cannot stay on your own as the patient may not listen to you. It is always best to have someone else so you have a witness. The extra member of staff may be able to calm the situation down by talking to the patient. If you are on your own it will be quite intimidating and scary, as you may not know how to deal with it so it is easier to have someone else with you. These responses should be done in that order and effectively because it is a safer way to deal with the individual and also it will keep other people safe in the care home. You should record it because if you don’t it means no one will be aware of it unless you tell them but it is formal and a legislation to record it as it is proof. If family members, ask to see their record they will be aware of it and know all details about it. It is easy for carers to forget details about the incident so it is important to record it. Read also Six Dimensions of Health Worksheet A concern that could arise from aggressive and dangerous encounters is the patients could hurt themselves if they do get angry and violent. This is dangerous and it could cause serious injuries depending on what they do. You should inform other residents to stay away from this patient to keep themselves safe. This is because patients may try to speak to the aggressive resident. This might influence the responses because normally you would walk away if they are being aggressive however, if they are going to hurt themselves you should not walk away as the carer will need to try stopping them. You should call for help because you will not be able to deal with it yourself and make sure no sharp objects are around the patient or any other objects that could potentially hurt them. This should be a quick response to deal with the situation because having sharp objects around that particular resident can be a massive risk, so if you quickly respond to it then it could reduce the incident from escalating. It will change the responses to the emergency because the patient will be a threat to you and to everyone else within the care home. The patient should be moved away from everyone else and should be accompanied by a carer. This is because it will give them a chance to calm down without creating a scene and it will not put other residents at risk as it could scare them. It is important to not let them be alone as anything could happen so leaving them with a carer is important as they can keep an eye on the patient and make sure they do not do anything to harm themselves. A critical incident like falling unconscious can happen anytime in a care home with the elderly patients. For example, if they have diabetes or low sugar, it can cause them to be unconscious, as their body will need sugar. In addition, if the place is too hot they can fall unconscious from dehydration. It is important to look out for symptoms to prevent it from happening. Symptoms like headaches, dizziness, slurred speech, confusion and a fast heartbeat. If a patient says they have any of these symptoms, you should not ignore it as it could lead to a serious injury. Having a seizure or a stroke can happen at any time, which can also cause unconsciousness; in this case, it is a care home with elderly residents who go out on a trip out to a shopping centre. So if an elderly patient has a seizure/stroke whilst walking in a shopping centre they will fall unconscious so it is important to respond to this situation straight away. The first thing you should do is check if they are breathing, if they are not which they won’t be if they are unconscious. The reason why you have to check if they are breathing first is because there are different procedures you have to take for example if they are breathing you should put them in a recovery position but if they are not breathing you need to perform CPR on the individual. Emergency services (999) should be called immediately so they can provide medical help. Whilst waiting for them it is important to keep performing CPR until they arrive because it could potentially save the residents life. It is important to follow this response effectively because the emergency services are professionals who know how to deal with this situation so they can provide better care. The steps for CPR are: * Place the heel of your hand on the breastbone at the centre of the person’s chest. Place your other hand on top of your first hand and interlock your fingers. * Position yourself with your shoulders above your hands. * Using your body weight (not just your arms), press straight down by 5–6cm on their chest. * Repeat this until an ambulance arrives. This is for people who have not been fully trained on how to perform CPR. The people that have had training for CPR and are dealing with this situation they should do CPR with rescue breaths. The steps for this are: * Place the heel of your hand on the centre of the person's chest, then place the other hand on top and press down by 5–6cm at a steady rate, at approximately 100 compressions per minute. * After every 30-chest compressions, give two breaths. * Tilt the casualty's head gently and lift the chin up with two fingers. Pinch the person’s nose. Seal your mouth over their mouth and blow steadily and firmly into their mouth. Check that their chest rises. Give two rescue breaths. * Continue with cycles of 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths until they begin to recover or emergency help arrives. (NHS CHOICES, 14/07/2015) You should also keep calling the patient because they may respond and also to reassure them that they are in safe hands. If you did not do this response you would not know if the patient is able to respond and also the patient may feel like they’re on their own so it is important to keep talking to them so they know they are in safe hands. You should always remain calm when dealing with a situation like this and make sure your priority is the person’s life you are trying to save. The reason for this is because if you are under pressure and worrying it may distract you from helping the person and it could lead to you not performing CPR effectively. If people are surrounding the environment, you must tell them to move away and keep the area clear. It is important to respect the patient’s dignity because other people in the shopping centre may be overlooking to see what is happening. Always put a blanket or something over them to make sure nothing is exposed. This is because it may embarrass the patient once they are conscious and could make them feel uncomfortable if they find out everyone has been looking at them. Once the ambulance has come it is then their responsibility to take over and save the person. Once you get back to the care home it is important to record the accident because it is a legislation that should be followed correctly. You should also record it because all staff members will be aware of what caused it and how it happened which means they can be prepared in case it happens again. The most important response is to make sure the airway is clear; this is because it will stop them from breathing and it also means you will not be able to perform CPR if the patient’s airway is blocked. These respo nses should be followed correctly and effectively because it could safe the patients life. A concern that could arise from an elderly patient falling unconscious is theft during the emergency. Because the patient has fell unconscious in a shopping centre on a trip, your attention will be on the patient and trying to save them so it will require you to put your things down. This will make it easy for someone to steal your things which will create a bigger emergency as the person may not be found and could potentially steal your valuable items. This thief could be a stranger who is walking past the incident. This is a concern that would need different responses because it will be difficult to deal with a patient and a theft. You should ask someone to keep an eye on your things whilst you look after the patient, this way no one can steal your things. All onlookers should be asked to move away however, in this case a person who is looking could save valuable items from being stolen and also the thief could be caught. A shopping centre is a busy place so if your attention is on the patient a stranger could come and steal your valuables. The responses will change because you will be dealing with 2 incidents instead of one. To prevent any thefts, you should keep your things close to you or call someone to guard your items. This will stop people from thinking they can steal items. Getting someone to guard your items and to be aware of thief’s can be a good thing because it means your items will be protected however, it could also be a bad thing because it could make the patient feel uncomfortable when they are conscious because they may feel embarrassed. Another concern that could occur is the patients may hurt themselves when they fall unconscious. It could lead to them hurting their head, which can cause serious head injuries for example a blood clot in the brain. This will require further assistance and responses that are more complicated that the professionals will deal with so 999 should be called immediately. You should try to stop any severe bleeding to stop the emergency from escalating.

PepsiCo Internal and External Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

PepsiCo Internal and External Analysis - Essay Example PepsiCo Inc. was formed in the year 1965 after the original Pepsi-Cola Company merged with Frito-lay. The corporation has since then expanded to deal in a wider variety of beverage and food brands, which has seen a merger in 2001 with Quaker Oats in conjunction with acquisition of Tropicana of 1998. The corporation is centered in Purchase, New York and has major interests in the manufacture, together with the marketing and distribution, of beverages, snacks based on grain, and other products. Twenty-two of its product lines, by the start of 2012, had generated revenues of over one billion dollars each in over two hundred countries, which resulted in net revenue of over forty three billion dollars. The corporation is ranked second in the world while it is first in the American market, as the largest beverage and food business by net revenue.  Ã‚   product lines are inclusive of hundreds of brands that were approximated to have generated at least one hundred and eight billion dollars in annual sales (Aswathappa, 2012: p32). Twenty-one of PepsiCo brands fulfill the identifier of a main brand as standardized by the food and beverage industry, i.e., sales of over one billion dollars annually. These are Pepsi-Cola, Lay’s, Mountain Dew, Lipton teas, Doritos, 7Up, Tropicana, Gatorade, Aquafina, Ruffles, Mirinda, Cheetos, Quaker Foods, Walkers, Fritos, Sierra Mist, Tostitos, and Pepsi Max. The company’s worldwide operations have shifted over time resulting from global expansion. This saw the corporation separated in 2010 into four divisions: PepsiCo Africa, Middle East, and Asia, PepsiCo Europe, PepsiCo Americas Beverages, PepsiCo Americas Foods (Blythe, 2009: p41). PepsiCo employs approximately 285,000 employees across the world as by counts in 2010. PepsiCo Americas Foods is operational in North and South America and is segmented into Latin America Foods in Central and South America, Gamesa and Sabritas in Mexico, Quaker Foods and Snacks in North America, as well as Frito-Lay and PepsiCo Americas Foods in North America. PepsiCo Americas Beverages manufactures or licenses non-carbonated and carbonated drinks in South, Central, and North America. PepsiCo Europe makes up sixteen percent of PepsiCo’s net revenue and manufactures beverages and foods in Europe, as well as expanding into Russia in the year 2009 (Cherunilam, 2010: p50). PepsiCo Africa, Middle East, and Asia cover these regions and prefer to go about production by affiliate operations, joint ventures, contract manufacturing, and licensing, although it still owns some facilities for manufacturing and distribution in these regions.

The require in the accessory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The require in the accessory - Assignment Example s technological advancement or political pressure or from internal sources such as change in requirements of customers and change due to deterioration of performance. As it has been observed change has gained increased emphasis in an organisational context along with the life of an individual therefore it is considered that change management is a vital tool for controlling change and using it in an effective manner. Broadly speaking, change management is a method that supports change and understand the requirement for change which helps an organisation in overcoming any issues being faced in their business activity (The State of Queensland (Public Service Commission, 2014). Change-hypocrisy is the challenge being faced in the contemporary environment by organisations that involves challenge in initiating change that might be quite important for the organisation. Employees in an organisation have the tendency to resist change as there is a difference in attitude and perception of the people towards change (Urhuogo &Williams, 2011; World Federation of Personnel Management Associations, 2005). The study is primarily focused towards identifying the causes of change hypocrisy along with discussing the causes of change. The study further provides recommendation for the implementation of change management in an organisation. Tesco is a multinational company (MNC) which is specialised in selling groceries and merchandises across various countries. The company was formed in the year 1919 by Jack Cohen and actually came into existence in the year 1924 after Cohen bought a cargo of tea from T. E. Stockwell. The company is headquartered in the United Kingdom and is regarded as one of the leading retailer across the globe. The company has been subjected to many changes from its initial establishment to its present business activity and to be precise change has helped the company to gain greater heights and sustain in the global competitive market. Change management in relation

Life in the U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Life in the U.S - Essay Example Despite the current law enforcement strategies and awareness programs, the issue has turned to be a serious behavioral problem among adolescents. As per the findings of Holm et al (27), 80% of all smokers in the United States begin smoking even before the age of 18. With increased threat to health and personal integrity, the prohibition of teenage smoking has become the most essential legal concern. In the United States, there is no unified regulation on this issue and the minimum age restriction varies from state to state. Although ‘18’ is generally accepted as the minimum age, the decision is subjected to the discretion of states. According to the statistics of National Cancer Institute, tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable illness and death in the United States. The illness includes cancers of the throat, mouth, nasal cavity, stomach, kidney etc. The study also says that â€Å"smokers are six times more likely to suffer heart attack than non-smokers† and ‘in 2009 around 20.6 percent of U.S. adults were cigarette smokers’ (National Cancer Institute). Works Cited Holm, Nancy. Holm, Jeffrey et al. â€Å"Youth Tobacco Use Prevention Programs†. Adolescent Smoking and Health Research (Ed. Lapointe, Martin). US: Nova Publishers, 2008. Print. â€Å"Smoking†.

A Real Career Opportunity in the Criminal Justice Field Essay

A Real Career Opportunity in the Criminal Justice Field - Essay Example There are, also, practical elements to choosing the field of Crime Scene Investigation. The career offers positive income incentives and there appears to be a bright future for potential job growth. However, to truly understand the field it is important to explore the details of an occupation as a Crime Scene Investigator. There are many responsibilities of a real Crime Scene Investigator and it is not, always, like the ones you have seen on television. They have a very relevant and serious position to hold. They are expected to, generally, be available and on-call at all hours, 24 hours a day, when necessary.(Roberts, 2012) After all, crime scenes do not necessarily occur between the normal business hours of a typical workday. They must aid detectives in securing the evidence from contamination, reconstructing events, gathering evidence, photographs, and making certain that the evidence collected is sent to the correct locations for examination and analysis. A Crime Scene Investigator is, also, required to have strong communication skills, ability to remain composed, and a heightened sense of organization. They are, on occasion, asked to testify in court should the cases they are involved with going to trial.("CSI career and," 2012) Becoming a Crime Scene Investigator requires a background in criminal justice is important and further education. However, finding the training needed is available at a large number of schools, as the popularity of the field increased over the last decade. A Bachelors Degree is attainable and with so much potential growth the education is abundantly worthwhile. Â  

Requires ...grammar....expression correction Essay

Requires ...grammar....expression correction - Essay Example Despite the technological advancement, hi-tech society buildings still suffers from a variety of issues of maintenance causes from decisions of their designer. It is a broad observation that modern day buildings are more susceptible to maintenance as compared to older counterparts. This research investigates of the impact of design defects on maintenance through their barriers and limitations of the interaction between them in an attempt to improve building design to reduce maintenance costs, especially in hospital buildings. In addition to literature studies, the interviewee questions and a case study have been analyzed to identify design and maintenance defects, their impacts on the maintenance and management of hospital buildings in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, it explores the concerning roles, responsibilities, obligations, and liabilities of the agents who are involved in the design and maintenance performance and feasible solutions. The King Fahad Hospital was chosen for the stud y and the five interviewees were interviewed on telephone. Qualitative methodology was selected to collect data for this study; it has been found out that the majority of maintenance dilemmas in the hospital building are attributed to design defects. The defects affecting the maintenance of hospital in the budget were led to depletion of maintenance budget besides an increase in maintenance costs. Some recommendations were provided. Conclusion The first topic the chapter reviewed was maintenance. Common problems were identified and approaches to reduce the burden of maintenance through Total Quality Management of design were described. The effect poor design has on society was explored in terms of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal aspects. The chapter discussed design defects in terms of the professional obligations that each agent in the design team holds. The chapter emphasized the roles, which the civil engineers, the architects, the interior de signers, the commissioning agents, and the structural engineers have in the designing process. It also talked about the increasing role of legal action in poor design. Then the chapter discussed the inherent limitations of the building design and maintenance and its limitation in their relation. It lists the scope of the projects as well as the objectives and concludes with the significance of an investigation of the impact of design on the maintenance of hospital buildings in Saudi Arabia. This presents an opportunity for investigations of the impact of design imperfections on maintenance. In prior knowledge of most results and the factors that influenced the maintenance of negligence in design, circles many aspects such as specification of materials, thermal movement, wet areas, ventilation, inefficient detailing, improper material selection and poor design for accessing maintenance measures. The chapter also argued that the design process must also be considered from legal standp oint and the obligations of the design agents. There is mention in the literature of maintenance issues in Saudi Arabia. Ikhwan and Burney (1999) pointed out the importance of maintenance in the Kingdom, and discussed the need for maintenance education. They also highlighted research activities on maintenance performed at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah. They recommended an extensive assessment of the current states of maintenance management and